Solar panel | Solar panel act as components that change sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic cells. They are an green and sustainable energy source, reducing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar heat collector is a system that collects sunlight to convert heat, usually used for hot water production or room heating applications. It successfully converts solar energy into thermal energy, reducing reliance on traditional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Solar thermal energy harnesses sunlight to generate heat, which can be used for hot water production, indoor heating, or power generation. It is a renewable and eco-friendly technology that reduces dependence on fossil fuels and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a charming blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic nation in the United Kingdom known for its abundant cultural traditions, famous sights, and vibrant cities like the capital. It boasts a mixed terrain of gentle slopes, historic forts, and lively city hubs that mix tradition with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Solar light is the natural light emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and increasing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a form of energy generated by the flow of charged particles, primarily negatively charged particles. It drives numerous appliances and networks, facilitating today’s lifestyle and technological progress. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a negative electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | Direct current is the one-way flow of electric charge, typically produced by battteries, power sources, and solar panels. It provides a steady voltage or current, rendering it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A power source is a unit that accumulates chemical energy and transforms it into current to operate various electronic devices. It comprises one or more galvanic units, each containing positive and negative electrodes separated by an ionic solution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is an eco-friendly energy solution that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and promotes sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a unit that converts DC produced by solar panels into AC appropriate for domestic use and grid connection. It plays a crucial role in enhancing energy performance and guaranteeing reliable, consistent power output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that reverses polarity regularly, usually used in home and industrial power supplies. It allows for optimal transmission of electricity over extended spans and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, commonly sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A charge regulator is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from excess charging and damage. It provides efficient energy transfer and extends the lifespan of the battery array. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to measure the size, quantity, or intensity of something accurately. It includes tools like meters, climate gauges, and manometers that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a mechanism that automatically its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement across the day, enhancing energy absorption. This innovation improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are massive plants that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a green and sustainable energy power, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and lowering carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps minimize reliance on non-renewable fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected photovoltaic system changes sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar satellite is an spacecraft equipped with photovoltaic panels that gather solar radiation and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then sent wirelessly to our planet for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Home power storage systems save excess power generated from green sources or the power grid for subsequent consumption, boosting energy independence and effectiveness. These installations generally use batteries to provide backup energy, cut down energy expenses, and support grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The timeline of solar cells tracks the progress and innovations in solar power tech from the initial finding of the photovoltaic effect to modern high-performance solar arrays. It highlights key milestones, including the invention of the original silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have significantly boosted power conversion and economic viability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a French-born scientist famous for his pioneering work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescence. His research laid the groundwork for grasping how illumination interacts with certain substances to produce electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His research laid the foundation for the creation of the photoconductive cell and progress in early photographic and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | The Selenium framework is an open-source framework used for automated testing of web browsers, allowing testers to simulate user interactions and test web application functionalities. It supports multiple programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an United States creator who developed the first working selenium solar cell in 1883. His pioneering work set the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-burning power plant generates electricity by firing coal to produce steam that rotates turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with identifying the solar cell and advancing the understanding of semiconductor. His work laid the foundation for modern solar power technology and the manufacture of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a renowned R&D organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials research. It has been the birthplace of numerous groundbreaking inventions, including the semiconductor device and the laser. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, widely known for its essential role in the production of electronic components and solar panels. It is a solid, brittle crystalline substance with a bluish-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a semi-conductor in the tech industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A small inverter is a little component installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This method increases system effectiveness, facilitates improved performance monitoring, and boosts power output in solar energy setups. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A solar module is a component that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the solar energy process. It is commonly used in solar panels to provide a sustainable and eco-friendly energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | A PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a renewable energy technology that delivers renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | A photon acts as a elementary particle which represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without possessing rest mass. It plays a key role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the phenomenon by which specific substances turn sunlight immediately into electricity through the creation of charge carriers. This event is the basic concept behind photovoltaic technology, facilitating the capturing of solar solar power for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electronics is a slim slice of semiconductor material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for fabricating integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where integrated circuits are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a extremely pure form of silicon used mainly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its outstanding semiconductor properties. Its regular, systematic crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Flexible solar cells are a type of photovoltaic technology characterized by their light, bendable structure, and capacity for large-area manufacturing at a reduced expense. They use layers of semiconductor materials just several micrometers in thickness to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the mass of building components and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furniture, and environmental factors. Both are critical considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, allowing various paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's overall resistance, current allocation, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrical energy refers to the rate at which electricity is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily for running devices and appliances. Created through multiple sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and green energy, and is essential for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A measure of power is a measure of energy conversion in the metric system, showing the rate of energy transfer or transformation. It is equivalent to one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical voltage difference between two points, which drives the movement of electronic current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per single charge ready to transport electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A voltage is the base unit of voltage, potential difference, and electromotive force in the SI system. It measures the voltage per charge unit between locations in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric flow is the flow of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in amps. It is essential for powering electronic gadgets and enabling the functioning of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Ampere serves as the unit of electric flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a wire over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the level of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It determines the configuration and power of power systems to maintain safe and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical housing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a standardized photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power provides a easy and consistent method of delivering electrical energy to devices through universal ports. It is frequently used for powering and feeding a broad range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A energy inverter is a device that changes direct current (DC) from sources like cells or photovoltaic arrays into AC suitable for home devices. It enables the application of standard electrical devices in locations where only DC power is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | An battery pack serves as a collection of several individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of solar modules to follow the solar trajectory throughout the day, enhancing power intake. This technology improves the performance of photovoltaic energy harvesting by ensuring optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the power output of solar panel setups by constantly tuning the operating point to align with the maximum power point of the solar cells. This methodology guarantees the most efficient power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to optimize energy output by individually enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It improves overall system efficiency by cutting down on energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a instrument that tracks and analyzes the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, providing valuable data on power output and system health. It helps enhance solar power generation by detecting problems early and ensuring optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, adaptable photovoltaic devices made by depositing thin layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a cost-effective and multi-functional alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert sunlight directly into electricity through the solar energy conversion process, making them a sustainable energy source. They are typically used in solar panels to generate electricity for homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a material composed of numerous small silicon crystals, commonly used in photovoltaic panels and chip fabrication. Its manufacturing process involves liquefying and recrystallizing silicon to generate a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Single-crystal silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous lattice arrangement, making it extremely capable for use in solar cells and electronic components. Its homogeneous framework allows for enhanced charge movement, resulting in superior performance compared to alternative silicon forms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar method that presents a economical and high-performance option for extensive solar energy generation. They are known as their high absorption efficiency and comparatively low manufacturing fees compared to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate solar cells that employ a composite material of copper, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into electricity efficiently. They are known for their great absorption effectiveness, flexibility, and capability for portable, cost-effective solar energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered atomic configuration, making it more adaptable and simpler to apply than crystalline silicon. It is frequently used in solar panels and electronic devices due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Advanced-generation photovoltaic panels aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and pioneering techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on maximizing energy conversion, lowering costs, and expanding applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-structured solar panels are innovative photovoltaic modules that use multiple p-n connections stacked together to absorb a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. They are mostly used in space satellites and advanced solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that convert sunlight into electrical energy to power onboard equipment. Generally lightweight, long-lasting, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of several elements, typically involving a metal component and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, LEDs, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor recognized for its high electron mobility and performance in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use lenses or reflectors to direct sunlight onto highly efficient multi-junction solar cells, greatly enhancing energy transformation efficiency. This technology is ideal for large capacity solar power plants in zones with sunny sunlight, delivering a affordable option for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Ultralight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its slim and bendable form factor. It offers a cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS thin-film solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for superior performance and bendability. They offer a lightweight, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with excellent performance in various environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film denotes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or micrometers, used in diverse technological fields. These layers are crucial in electronics, light manipulation, and films for their unique physical and chemical properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Roof-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and affordable energy solution. They help cut down dependence on fossil fuels, reduce electricity bills, and contribute to environmental conservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a stratum of compound ranging from tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in dimension, often applied to surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in diverse fields, including electronics industry, optical technologies, and medicine, to alter surface properties or create specific device functionalities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nano units are measurement units equal to one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict very tiny distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are important in disciplines including nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nano level. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Calipers are precision devices used to precisely measure small distances or depths, generally in machining and production. They feature a scaled screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a narrow, round piece of silicon crystal used as the substrate for manufacturing semiconductor devices. It serves as the foundational material in the creation of semiconductor chips and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are thin-film photovoltaic devices known for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for multiple fields. They employ a multilayer semiconductor structure that turns sunlight immediately into power with excellent performance in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar panels, characterized by its multiple crystal grains that give it a speckled appearance. It is noted for being cost-effective and having a relatively high efficiency in turning sunlight into energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels, supplying a green energy source for household, commercial, and large-scale applications. They provide a clean, long-lasting, and affordable way to reduce reliance on non-renewable energy sources and lower greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that converts sunlight into power using a light-sensitive dye to capture light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and adaptable alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for clear and portable applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot photovoltaic cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light capture and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for lower-cost, flexible, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are photovoltaic units that utilize carbon-based compounds, to transform solar radiation into electrical power. They are lightweight, pliable, and offer the potential for cost-effective, large-area solar energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Copper Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor substance used in layer solar cells due to its plentiful and harmless elements. Its superior optical-electronic properties make it an appealing substitute for green photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as rooftops, facades, and windows. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining visual attractiveness and structural performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency permits light to pass through a material with little distortion, allowing objects behind to be seen clearly. Translucency allows light to scatter through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to transmit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures panes to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It boosts privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a stylish aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations information various large-scale solar energy installations around the world, demonstrating their capacities and positions. These facilities play a vital role in green energy production and worldwide efforts to lower carbon pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive systems that turn sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. They play a vital role in sustainable power creation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and cutting emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of problems such as pollution, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote eco-friendly methods and protect natural ecosystems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Renewable energy comes from natural sources that are renewably sourced, such as solar radiation, air currents, and hydropower. It offers a renewable option to traditional fuels, decreasing environmental harm and supporting lasting energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as lignite, petroleum, and natural gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over geological eras and are exhausted when used. They are the primary power sources for electricity generation and transportation but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Electricity generation involves converting various power sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and renewable resources into electricity. This process generally happens in power stations where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for power distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are thick, poisonous elements such as Pb, mercury, cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Solar panel effectiveness indicates how efficiently a photovoltaic device transforms sunlight into usable electrical energy. Improving this efficiency is crucial for optimizing renewable energy output and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metallic surface ejects electrons from that surface, demonstrating the particle properties of light. This occurrence provided critical proof for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that photon energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Enhanced life testing involves placing products to elevated stresses to rapidly assess their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps identify potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The increase of photovoltaics has quickened rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and reducing prices. This growth is changing the global energy landscape by raising the percentage of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar refers to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a commercial scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar thermal systems to produce renewable energy cost-effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a clear component that bends light to converge or diverge rays, forming images. It is frequently used in instruments like photographic devices, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the measure between an incoming light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It controls how light interacts with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to optical surfaces to reduce glare and enhance light passage. It enhances the clarity and brightness of lenses by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in such a way that their amplitudes cancel each other out, resulting in a decrease or total eradication of the combined wave. This phenomenon typically happens when the waves are out of phase by pi radians. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current is a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, commonly employed in power supply systems. Its voltage varies sinusoidally throughout its cycle, permitting effective conveyance across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A individual inverter is a compact entity used to convert DC from a individual solar panel into AC suitable for home applications. It enhances system performance by enhancing power output at the panel level and simplifies installation and maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | AC power, or alternating current power, is electrical energy delivered through a network where the voltage level and current regularly reverse orientation, enabling cost-effective transmission over extended ranges. It is frequently used in households and factories to operate various appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical plug used to supply direct current (DC) power from a power supply to an electronic equipment. It typically consists of a round plug and jack that ensure a reliable and consistent attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a international security validation agency that tests and endorses products to confirm they comply with specific safety standards. It assists consumers and companies recognize dependable and secure products through rigorous review and testing procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Serial circuits are electronic networks in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this setup, the identical electric current passes through all components, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where elements are connected between the same voltage source, providing multiple routes for current flow. This arrangement allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | A diode is a electronic device that permits current to move in one direction exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An vehicle auxiliary power outlet is a connection, typically 12-volt, intended to supply electrical energy for various devices and attachments inside a automobile. It permits users to charge electronic devices or run small appliances when on the journey. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for connecting peripheral devices to computers, facilitating data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a broad spectrum of peripherals such as keyboards, mouses, external storage devices, and mobile phones, with various versions providing faster speeds and improved features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell turns into usable energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to optimizing energy output and making solar power more cost-effective and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to R&D in green energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance innovations in solar, wind, biomass energy, and additional renewable sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, spanning from wireless signals to gamma rays, each with diverse lengths and energies. This range is essential for numerous technological applications and the natural world, allowing data exchange, healthcare imaging, and insight into the outer space. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily emitted by the solar radiation. It plays a key role in such as vitamin D production but can also lead to skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic wave with greater wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Uniform color refers to a color design based on shades of a sole hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and connexion. This design approach emphasizes clarity and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the strength of electromagnetic radiation per unit area incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a important parameter in disciplines including solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, demonstrating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | W/m2 is a unit of measurement used to measure the strength of power or power received or emitted over a particular area, frequently in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It assists with understanding the spread and movement of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse colors or wavebands of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is often used to illustrate the distribution of light or signal frequencies in different scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of atmosphere with comparatively consistent thermal and humidity features, coming from from particular starting zones. These air masses affect weather patterns and atmospheric states as they move across diverse areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Solar irradiance is the measure of the intensity per square meter received from the Sun in the type of solar rays. It varies with solar phenomena and atmospheric factors on Earth, influencing global climate and weather patterns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Dirt buildup in solar energy refers to the buildup of debris, and impurities on the exterior of solar arrays, which decreases their performance. Routine maintenance and care are necessary to reduce energy decrease and guarantee best performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current refers to the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the peak power capacity of a solar module under optimal sunlight conditions. It reflects the panel's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A electrical potential meter is an electronic device used to check the voltage between two points in a electrical system. It is commonly used in various electrical and electronic applications to maintain proper voltage measurements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a occurrence in PV modules where increased voltage stress causes a notable reduction in power output and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion migration within the solar cell components, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a metalloid element crucial for plant growth and employed in various industrial applications, like glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It exhibits special chemical properties that render it beneficial in creating durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring perfect tilt and alignment for best sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant captures sunlight using vast arrays of photovoltaic panels to produce renewable electricity. It offers an eco-friendly energy source, diminishing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated method of employing land for both solar energy generation and cultivation, maximizing space and resources. This approach enhances crop production while at the same time creating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar panels designed to harvest sunlight on both sides, boosting overall energy generation. They are usually installed in a way that improves effectiveness by utilizing albedo mirroring and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A solar canopy is a installation that provides shade while generating electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar array is a assembly of several solar modules arranged to generate electricity from sunlight. It is often used in sustainable power systems to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A patio cover is a structure that offers shade and shelter from the conditions for exterior areas. It boosts the usability and look of a courtyard, making it a cozy space for rest and entertainment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The angle measured from directly overhead is the measurement between the vertical direction directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is used in astronomy and meteorology to represent the position of bodies in the heavens relative to an observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The compass bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference direction, typically true north, to the line linking an viewer to a target object. It is commonly used in navigation, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the direction of an target in relation to the observer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential muscle strains pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and affordability. It demonstrates outstanding optical characteristics, making it a popular option for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers focused on solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions globally. These companies are key in driving solar energy implementation and innovation across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a quantity of power equal to a billion watts, used to quantify large-scale energy generation and utilization. It is generally associated with generating stations, national grids, and major energy initiatives worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | The company First Solar is a global leader in photovoltaic (PV) energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film solar cells that offer excellent efficiency and economical power generation. The organization is focused on green renewable energy advancement and cutting down the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar solar innovations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology specializes in seamlessly linking various parts of factory and automated systems to enhance productivity and trustworthiness. It aims on building innovative solutions that facilitate seamless communication and cooperation among various technological platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a top Chinese corporation specializing in producing and developing solar-powered photovoltaic products and solutions. It is known for its advanced technology and sustainable energy initiatives within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often utilized to describe the capacity of large-scale electricity production or usage. It emphasizes the vast energy extent involved in contemporary power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Experience curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost drops as cumulative output rises, due to gaining knowledge and efficiencies gained over time. This concept highlights the significance of stored knowledge in lowering costs and boosting output in industrial processes and other operations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Solar energy turn sunlight immediately into electricity using semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a pure, sustainable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes equivalent to or lower than the cost of buying power from the electric grid. Achieving Grid parity means that green energy sources are financially competitive with conventional fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and businesses through a system of power lines, delivering a consistent source of energy for various appliances. It generally operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all parts of a solar power system excluding the photovoltaic panels, including inverters, racking, wiring, and other electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is captured from the solar radiation using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar heating systems to provide warmth. It is a sustainable, renewable, and planet-friendly power supply that reduces reliance on fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and factory environments to generate clean, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, offering green energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered items features a range of gadgets that utilize sunlight to produce energy, supporting eco-friendly and eco-conscious living. These items include everything from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, offering flexible solutions for energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An solar power plant is a installation that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels. It is a green energy source that supports lowering reliance on non-renewable energy and limits greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by managing renewable resources and backup options, decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and lowering overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ optical lenses plus reflectors to focus solar radiation on high-performance solar cells, considerably increasing power output from a compact footprint. This technology is particularly effective in areas with direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers an innovative way to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |