| Solar panel | Solar array act as components that transform sunlight into electricity using PV cells. They are an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on non-renewable energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
| Solar thermal collector | A solar thermal collector is a system that captures sunlight to generate heat, generally used for water heating or room heating applications. It effectively converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on conventional energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
| Solar thermal energy | Solar heat harnesses sunlight to generate warmth, which can be used for water heating systems, space warming, or electricity production. It is a sustainable and renewable technology that reduces reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
| Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in West Sussex County, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a enchanting blend of sandy beaches, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
| England | The country of England is a historic country in the UK known for its abundant cultural traditions, notable attractions, and bustling cities like the capital. It boasts a diverse scenery of gentle slopes, ancient castles, and bustling urban centers that mix heritage with modern developments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
| Sunlight | Solar light is the organic light emitted by the sun, essential for life on Earth as it supplies fuel for photosynthesis and influences climate and weather patterns. It also contributes to our well-being by regulating our circadian rhythms and boosting vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
| Electricity | Electricity is a type of power due to the movement of charged particles, primarily electrons. It drives innumerable devices and infrastructures, enabling today’s lifestyle and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
| Photovoltaic | Photovoltaic technology converts solar radiation directly into power using solar panels composed of semi-conductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate environmental impact. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
| Electrons | Electrons are fundamental particles with a opposite electric charge that circulate around the nucleus of an atom, playing a key role in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions influence the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
| Direct current | Direct current is the unidirectional stream of electric charge, usually produced by battteries, power sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a constant voltage or current, making it crucial for electronic devices and low-voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
| Battery (electricity) | A battery is a instrument that stores chemical energy and converts it into electric power to run various electronic devices. It includes one or more electrochemical cells, each housing electrode pairs interposed by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
| Photovoltaic system | An solar power system converts solar radiation immediately into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on non-renewable energy sources and promotes renewable energy production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
| Solar inverter | A solar inverter is a device that transforms direct current (DC) produced by solar panels into alternating current (AC) fit for domestic use and grid integration. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing safe, consistent electricity delivery from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
| Alternating current | Alternating current is an electric current that changes direction cyclically, typically used in home and commercial power supplies. It enables efficient transmission of electricity over great lengths and is characterized by its voltage and current waveforms, typically sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
| Charge controller | A charge controller is a device that regulates the voltage and electric current coming from a solar panel to prevent batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees optimal energy flow and extends the lifespan of the battery bank. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
| Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a tool used to determine the size, volume, or degree of something accurately. It includes instruments like meters, thermometers, and pressure gauges that provide exact readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
| Solar tracker | A solar tracker is a device that automatically adjusts its orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This system improves the efficiency of solar power systems by keeping optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
| Solar farms | Solar farms are massive plants that utilize sunlight to produce electricity using a multitude of solar panels. They offer a green and sustainable energy power, reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources and decreasing carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
| Rooftop solar power | Solar power from rooftops involves setting up photovoltaic solar panels on building rooftops to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on fossil fuels and decreases greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
| Grid-connected photovoltaic system | An grid-tied photovoltaic system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a renewable energy solution. It boosts energy efficiency and cuts down reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to take advantage of potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
| Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as CO2, CH4, and N2O into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like fossil fuel combustion and deforestation. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
| Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with photovoltaic panels that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for utilization as a sustainable energy source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
| Home energy storage | Home energy storage systems store excess power generated from renewable energy or the grid for future use, improving energy self-sufficiency and efficiency. These solutions generally use batteries to deliver backup power, cut down energy costs, and assist grid reliability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
| Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of solar cells chronicles the advancement and innovations in solar power tech from the early finding of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-efficiency solar arrays. It showcases significant breakthroughs, including the creation of the initial silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and ongoing developments that have significantly enhanced power transformation and cost efficiency. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
| Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic scientist renowned for his innovative work in the study of the solar effect and luminescence. His tests laid the basis for grasping how light interacts with particular substances to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
| Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a British electrical engineer and scientist known for discovering the photo-conductive property of selenium in 1873. His research formed the basis for the development of the photoconductive cell and progress in initial photography and electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
| Selenium | The Selenium framework is an free platform used for automating web browsers, allowing testers to mimic user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and web browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
| William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a UK physicist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optical science, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from transparent materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
| Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was indeed an US creator who developed the initial working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work laid the groundwork for the modern photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
| Coal-fired power plant | A coal-fired power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that powers turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
| Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an American scientist credited with finding the solar cell and enhancing the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar power technology and the creation of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
| Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious innovative organization historically associated with AT&T, known for pioneering innovations in telecommunications, computer science, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
| Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14, well known for its essential role in the production of electronic components and solar panels. It is a hard, brittle solid solid with a bluish-gray sheen, predominantly employed as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
| Micro-inverter | A micro-inverter is a little unit installed on each solar module to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) on-site. This approach enhances system efficiency, enables better performance oversight, and boosts power output in photovoltaic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
| Solar cell | A solar cell is a component that transforms sunlight immediately into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in photovoltaic systems to offer a sustainable and sustainable energy power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
| PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that offers eco-friendly power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
| Photon | An photon is a basic particle which represents a quantum of light plus other electromagnetic radiation, carrying energy and momentum without having rest mass. It plays a important role in the relations between matter and electromagnetic fields, facilitating phenomena like reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
| Photovoltaic effect | The photovoltaic effect is the mechanism by which specific substances turn sunlight directly into electricity through the generation of charge carriers. This event is the core concept behind photovoltaic technology, enabling the utilization of solar sunlight for power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
| Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, usually silicon, used as the substrate for creating integrated circuits. It serves as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
| Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used primarily in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic components due to its excellent semiconductor properties. Its regular, orderly crystal lattice enables optimal electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
| Thin film solar cell | Thin film solar cells are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their light, flexible design, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a reduced expense. They use strata of semiconductor substances a few micrometers thick to convert sunlight into electricity efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
| Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the permanent forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and fixed equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as people, furnishings, and external influences. Both are important considerations in building planning to maintain safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
| Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the same current passes through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the same voltage source, permitting various paths for current. These layouts influence the circuit's total resistance, current allocation, and voltage reductions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
| Electric power | Electrical energy is the velocity at which electric power is transferred by an electrical circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Produced through various sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and crucial for modern life. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
| Watt | A unit of power is a unit of power in the International System of Units, showing the measure of energy flow or transformation. It is the same as one joule per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
| Voltage | Voltage is the electric voltage difference between two points, which drives the movement of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts (V) and indicates the work per unit charge ready to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
| Volt | A electromotive force is the base unit of electrical potential, voltage difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the potential energy per charge unit between two points in an circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
| Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, typically measured in A. It is essential for powering electronic devices and allowing the operation of electronic circuits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
| Ampere | Ampere is the measure of electrical flow in the SI units, represented by A. It quantifies the movement of electrical charge through a circuit over a period of time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
| Electrical load | Electrical load is the term for the quantity of electrical power or current demanded by devices and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the design and size of power systems to maintain safe and optimized energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
| Junction box | A junction enclosure is an electrical casing used to securely contain wire connections, providing a main hub for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures neat and safe connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
| MC4 connector | The MC4 is a conventional photovoltaic connector used to connect solar panels in a safe and dependable manner. It features a snap-in design with waterproof sealing, providing durability and optimal electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
| USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of providing electrical energy to devices through standard ports. It is often used for powering and supplying a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
| Power inverter | A energy inverter is a unit that converts DC from sources like cells or solar panels into AC suitable for domestic gadgets. It enables the operation of common electrical appliances in environments where only direct current electricity is available. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
| Battery pack | A battery pack is a collection of multiple individual batteries assembled to store and supply electrical energy for various devices. This provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
| Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically regulate the position of solar panels to monitor the solar trajectory throughout the 24 hours, optimizing power intake. This technology improves the effectiveness of solar power gathering by maintaining optimal solar array alignment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
| Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a technique used to enhance the energy production of photovoltaic systems by constantly tuning the performance point to match the maximum power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology ensures the most efficient energy extraction, especially under differing environmental factors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
| Power optimizer | An power optimizer is a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually tailored enhancing the performance of each solar panel. It increases overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
| Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a tool that tracks and evaluates the performance of solar panel systems in instantaneous, providing useful data on power output and system health. It assists optimize solar power generation by detecting faults ahead of time and ensuring optimal performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
| Thin-film solar cell | Lightweight solar cells are lightweight, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in different portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
| Solar cells | Photovoltaic cells convert sunlight directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a sustainable energy source. They are commonly used in solar arrays to supply energy to homes, appliances, and entire solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
| Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a substance composed of countless tiny silicon crystal structures, typically used in photovoltaic panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its production involves melting and restructuring silicon to create a high-purity, polycrystalline type appropriate for microelectronic devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
| Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a premium variant of silicon with a continuous crystal arrangement, making it very effective for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its homogeneous structure allows for improved electron transfer, resulting in superior functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
| Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | CdTe photovoltaics are a kind of thin film solar method that offers a cost-effective and efficient alternative for large-scale solar energy production. They are their high absorption performance and comparatively reduced manufacturing costs in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | CuInGaSe2 solar cells are flexible solar devices that use a multi-layered compound of Cu, indium, gallium, and Se to transform sunlight into electricity effectively. They are known for their great light capturing performance, flexibility, and potential for portable, economical solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
| Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a disordered molecular arrangement, making it more flexible and more straightforward to layer than structured silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic components due to its cost-effectiveness and versatile characteristics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
| Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to exceed traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing cutting-edge materials and new techniques such as stacked stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on optimizing energy conversion, reducing costs, and broadening applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
| Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are innovative photovoltaic modules that utilize several p-n junctions layered in unison to absorb a more extensive spectrum of the solar spectrum, significantly boosting their efficiency. These are mostly employed in space satellites and high-efficiency solar power installations due to their excellent energy transformation capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
| Solar panels on spacecraft | Solar panels on spacecraft serve as crucial elements that generate solar radiation into electric power to operate onboard instrumentation. Usually lightweight, durable, and built for efficient operation in the extreme space conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
| Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are substances composed of multiple elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in high-speed electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer enhanced performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
| Gallium arsenide | GaAs is a compound-based semiconductor known for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
| Concentrator photovoltaics | CPV employ lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight onto superior efficiency multi-layer solar cells, greatly enhancing energy conversion efficiency. This technique is perfect for large-scale solar power plants in areas with sunny sunlight, offering a affordable solution for high-demand energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
| Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its lightweight and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in BIPV and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
| CIGS solar cell | CIGS photovoltaic cell utilize a thin film of CIGS compound as the light-absorbing layer, known for superior performance and adaptability. They offer a lightweight, cost-effective alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels with reliable operation in different weather scenarios. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
| Thin-film | Thin-film describes a fine layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in diverse technological uses. These films are vital in electronic systems, light manipulation, and coatings for their particular physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
| Rooftop solar PV | Rooftop solar PV systems harness solar energy to generate electricity directly on structure roofs, providing a sustainable and cost-effective energy solution. They help decrease use of fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to eco-preservation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
| Thin film | A thin film is a sheet of material ranging from a few nanometers to a few microns in thickness, often placed on surfaces for functional applications. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics industry, optics, and healthcare, to modify surface characteristics or engineer certain device functions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
| Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement the same as one-billionth of a meter, often utilized to depict minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for measuring structures and particles at the nano dimension. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
| Micrometers | Micrometers are accurate devices used to precisely measure small distances or thicknesses, generally in mechanical engineering and manufacturing. They feature a adjusted screw system that allows for precise readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
| Silicon wafer | A silicon slice is a thin, circular section of silicon crystal used as the foundation for fabricating semiconductor devices. It serves as the basic material in the creation of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
| Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are flexible solar modules known for their high efficiency and flexibility, ideal for diverse applications. They employ a stratified semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight straight into power with remarkable effectiveness in low-light conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
| Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon is a type of silicon used in solar cells, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a mottled appearance. It is known for being affordable and having a moderately high efficiency in transforming sunlight into power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
| Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using PV cells, offering a renewable energy source for home, industrial, and large-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and economical way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lower carbon footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
| Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that use perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cells have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
| Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into power using a light-reactive dye to capture light and generate electron flow. It offers a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with possibility for clear and lightweight applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
| Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanos semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This technology offers the potential for lower-cost, flexible, and highly efficient solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
| Organic solar cell | Organic PV cells are photovoltaic units that employ organic materials, to convert solar radiation into electrical power. They are lightweight, pliable, and offer the potential for more affordable, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
| CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a advantageous electronic substance used in thin-film solar panels due to its earth-abundant and safe elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an attractive option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
| Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV) seamlessly incorporate solar power systems into the design of architectural elements, such as roofing, outer walls, and windows. This modern approach enhances power savings while maintaining design elegance and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
| Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to pass through a material with minimal distortion, making objects behind clearly visible. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but still allowing shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
| Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves applying a light film to the interior or exterior of vehicle or building windows to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and adds a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
| List of photovoltaic power stations | A list of PV power stations details various large-scale solar energy facilities around the globe, showcasing their power and positions. These stations function a crucial role in green energy production and international efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic power stations are massive facilities that convert sunlight directly into electricity using photovoltaic panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, reducing reliance on fossil fuels, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
| Environmental issues | Environmental challenges encompass a wide range of issues such as contamination, climate change, and deforestation that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires collaborative action to promote green approaches and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
| Renewable energy | Sustainable power comes from eco-friendly origins that are renewably replenished, such as the sun, air currents, and hydroelectric power. It offers a renewable option to non-renewable energy sources, reducing environmental harm and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
| Non-renewable energy | Non-renewable energy sources, such as lignite, oil, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over millions of years and are consumed when used. They are the main fuels for electrical energy and mobility but pose ecological and sustainability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
| Electricity generation | Electrical energy creation involves converting various energy sources such as carbon-based fuels, nuclear power, and sustainable resources into electrical power. This process typically occurs in power plants where rotating machinery and generators work together to produce power for grid delivery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
| Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, poisonous elements such as Pb, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
| Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how well a photovoltaic device converts sunlight into usable electrical power. Enhancing this Solar-cell efficiency is essential for maximizing renewable energy generation and reducing reliance on non-renewable resources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
| Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when radiation shining on a metallic surface ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This event provided key evidence for the development of quantum mechanics by showing that light energy is quantified. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
| Accelerated life testing | Rapid life testing involves subjecting products to increased stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and estimate their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps detect potential failures and enhance product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
| Growth of photovoltaics | The expansion of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten-year period, driven by technological advancements and decreasing costs. This development is revolutionizing the world energy sector by raising the share of clean solar power in electricity generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
| Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar pertains to large solar power facilities intended to generate electricity on a business scale, supplying power directly to the grid. These projects typically cover large areas and utilize photovoltaic panels or solar heating systems to produce renewable energy efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
| Lens (optics) | A optic is a see-through device that bends light to focus or diverge rays, creating images. It is commonly used in devices like camera units, glasses, and microscopes to control light for improved vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
| Angle of incidence (optics) | The angle of incidence is the angle between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line orthogonal to the surface at the contact point. It determines how light behaves with the surface, affecting reflection and refraction properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
| Anti-reflective coating | Anti-glare coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to cut down on glare and increase light flow. It boosts the sharpness and illumination of optical devices by reducing undesirable reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
| Destructive interference | Destructive interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes negate each other, causing a decrease or full disappearance of the combined wave. This occurrence generally happens when these waves are out of phase by half a cycle. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
| Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to a type of electrical flow that alternates direction, mainly utilized in electrical distribution networks. Its voltage varies following a sine wave as time progresses, allowing efficient transmission over long distances. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
| Microinverter | A microinverter is a miniature device used to transform DC from a single solar module into AC suitable for domestic use. It enhances system efficiency by enhancing power output at the module level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
| AC power | Alternating current power, or alternating current power, is electricity delivered through a system where the voltage and current periodically reverse direction, enabling efficient transmission over long distances. It is frequently used in homes and industries to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
| DC connector | A DC connector is a kind of electrical coupling used to provide DC energy from a power source to an electronic device. It usually consists of a tube-shaped plug and socket that ensure a reliable and dependable attachment for different electronic purposes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
| Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Laboratories is a worldwide security certification body that evaluates and endorses products to confirm they comply with particular safety standards. It helps consumers and companies find dependable and protected products through thorough assessment and examination processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
| Series circuits | Series-connected circuits are electrical circuits in which components are connected end-to-end, forming a single path for current flow. In this setup, the constant electric current passes through all parts, and the sum voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
| Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electrical circuits where components are connected between the same voltage source, offering multiple channels for current flow. This setup allows components to operate separately, with the total current divided among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
| Diode | An diode is a electronic device that allows current to flow in one way only, functioning as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in circuit networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
| Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a socket, typically 12 volt, designed to deliver electrical power for multiple devices and accessories within a vehicle. It allows users to charge electronic electronics or operate small appliances when on the move. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
| USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a protocol for linking peripherals to computing systems, facilitating information exchange and power delivery. It backs a wide range of peripherals such as input devices, pointer devices, external drives, and cell phones, with different versions offering increased speeds and enhanced performance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
| Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency refers to the percentage of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell transforms into generated energy. Boosting this efficiency is essential to maximizing energy generation and making solar power economical and eco-friendly. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
| National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The National Renewable Energy Laboratory is a U.S. Department of Energy national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It focuses on innovations in solar, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a sustainable energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
| Electromagnetic spectrum | The EM spectrum encompasses all types of electromagnetic radiation, extending from wireless signals to gamma radiation, featuring different lengths and power. This spectrum is essential for a wide array of devices and natural phenomena, enabling signal transmission, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
| Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a type of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than the visible spectrum but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a crucial role in including vitamin D synthesis but can also cause skin harm and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
| Infrared | Infrared radiation is a category of electromagnetic wave with extended wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
| Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on alterations of a sole hue, using various shades, tints, and tones to create cohesion and unity. This layout approach emphasizes simplicity and grace by maintaining steady color elements throughout a composition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
| Irradiance | Radiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, generally measured in watts per square meter. It is a key parameter in areas like solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, showing the intensity of sunlight hitting a given area. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
| W/m2 | watts per square meter is a standard unit used to measure the intensity of energy or power received or emitted over a defined surface, commonly in areas such as meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in comprehending the spread and conveyance of energy across areas, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
| Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of diverse hues or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, perceptible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological fields. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
| Airmass | An airmass is a substantial mass of air's with relatively even temp and dampness properties, coming from from particular origin regions. These airmass influence climate trends and sky states as they pass through various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
| Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the quantification of the intensity per square kilometer received from the solar source in the manner of solar rays. It changes with solar cycles and atmospheric factors on Earth, impacting weather patterns and local weather. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
| Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in photovoltaic systems refers to the buildup of dust, and other particles on the panels of solar panels, which diminishes their efficiency. Consistent upkeep and maintenance are necessary to reduce energy waste and guarantee maximum operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
| Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage available from a power source when there is no current, spanning its terminals. It indicates the potential difference of a device when it is disconnected from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
| Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the highest electrical current that passes through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, going around the normal load. It presents a significant safety hazard and can lead to damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
| Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a measure of the peak power generation of a solar module under perfect sunlight conditions. It indicates the panel's peak capacity to produce electricity in conventional testing setups . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
| Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electrical instrument used to measure the electrical potential between two points in a electrical system. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to verify proper voltage levels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
| Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a phenomenon in solar modules where high voltage stress causes a significant reduction in power generation and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion movement within the photovoltaic materials, leading to performance deterioration over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
| Boron | Boron is a semi metallic element necessary for plant development and used in multiple industrial uses, including glassmaking and chip manufacturing. It possesses distinctive chemical traits that cause it beneficial in manufacturing long-lasting, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
| Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports photovoltaic modules, ensuring perfect tilt and orientation for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand external conditions while providing a solid and long-lasting foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
| Solar power plant | A sun-powered power plant collects sunlight using large groups of photovoltaic solar panels to generate renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
| Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the combined approach of using land for both solar energy generation and farming, making the most of space and resources. This method improves crop production while concurrently generating renewable energy, encouraging sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
| Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar cells are solar energy devices capable of capturing sunlight using both surfaces, improving overall energy generation. They are commonly positioned in a way that enhances performance by taking advantage of albedo reflection and bounced sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
| Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides shade while producing electricity through integrated solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with functional design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
| Solar array | A solar panel system is a collection of several solar panels arranged to create electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in green energy setups to generate environmentally friendly, sustainable power for multiple applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
| Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a framework that delivers shade and shelter from the weather for al fresco areas. It enhances the usability and aesthetic appeal of a terrace, making it a pleasant space for relaxation and gatherings. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
| Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the upright line directly overhead and the line of sight to a heavenly body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of bodies in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
| Azimuth angle | The azimuth angle is a horizontal angle measured clockwise from a reference heading, typically true north, to the line between an viewer to a target object. It is frequently used in wayfinding, surveying, and astrophysics to define the bearing of an celestial body with respect to the viewer. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
| Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as fall hazards and electric shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential bodily injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
| Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a electronic substance commonly employed in thin-film solar panels due to its high efficiency and cost-effectiveness. It demonstrates superb optical features, making it a preferred choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
| List of photovoltaics companies | A catalog of photovoltaics companies features the leading manufacturers and suppliers expert in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in advancing solar energy implementation and advancement across different markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
| Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of power equal to a billion W, used to quantify big electricity generation and consumption. It is typically associated with power plants, national grids, and large-scale energy projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
| First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV power solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin-film solar panels that provide excellent efficiency and low-cost power generation. The firm is focused on green energy development and decreasing the world's reliance on fossil fuels through advanced solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
| GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in smoothly integrating various parts of factory and automation systems to improve performance and trustworthiness. It concentrates on building cutting-edge solutions that enable smooth communication and cooperation among diverse tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
| Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a prominent China's firm focused on the manufacturing and development of solar solar items and systems. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewables industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
| GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a measurement of power equal to 1,000,000,000 watts, often used to represent the potential of massively scaled power production or usage. It emphasizes the huge power scale involved in contemporary power infrastructure and technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
| Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the concept where the production cost reduces as cumulative output increases, due to learning and optimization obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the importance of learned skills in reducing costs and boosting output in production and other procedures. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
| Photovoltaics | Photovoltaics turn sunlight immediately into electricity through semiconductor materials, primarily silicon. This technology is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that assists reduce reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
| Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the cost of producing solar or wind energy is equal to or lower than the price of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving grid parity means that green energy technologies are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based coal, oil, natural gas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
| Mains electricity | Mains electricity is the main electrical power supplied to houses and companies through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for numerous appliances. It typically operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, based on the nation, and is transmitted through alternating current (AC). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
| Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) pertains to all components of a solar power system apart from the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for securing the optimum and consistent operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
| Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the sun's rays using PV panels to convert electricity or through solar thermal systems to generate heat. It represents a sustainable, sustainable, and planet-friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
| Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are commonly employed in home, corporate, and industrial environments to generate renewable, sustainable electricity from sunlight. They also supply remote and off-grid locations, providing sustainable energy solutions where traditional power grids are unavailable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
| List of solar-powered products | A collection of solar-powered products features a selection of devices that utilize sunlight to generate energy, encouraging green and renewable living. These items include everything from solar energy units and lights to appliances and outdoor equipment, providing versatile alternatives for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
| Photovoltaic power station | A solar power plant is a facility that transforms sunlight directly into electricity using solar modules. It is a sustainable energy source that aids in decreasing reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
| Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems merge solar panels with additional energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to ensure a reliable and efficient power supply. They optimize energy use by allocating renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
| Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics employ lenses or mirrors to focus solar radiation onto highly efficient solar cells, greatly increasing power output using a smaller area. This technology is highly suitable where direct, strong sunlight plus, it offers a viable solution to lowering the cost of. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |
