Solar panel | Solar panel serve as instruments that change sunlight into electricity using solar cells. They are an eco-friendly and sustainable energy source, decreasing reliance on carbon-based fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panel |
Solar thermal collector | A solar collector is a apparatus that absorbs sunlight to produce heat, typically used for water heating or room heating applications. It efficiently converts solar energy into thermal energy, cutting down on reliance on standard energy sources. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_collector |
Solar thermal energy | Sun-powered thermal energy harnesses sun rays to generate thermal energy, which can be used for hot water production, space heating, or electricity generation. It is a green and eco-friendly technology that reduces fossil fuel consumption and lowers carbon emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_thermal_energy |
Worthing | Worthing is a beautiful seaside town in the county of West Sussex, England, known for its historic pier and vibrant promenade. It offers a delightful blend of golden sands, cultural attractions, and outdoor activities perfect for visitors and residents alike. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing |
England | England is a historic and historic-influenced country in the UK known for its rich cultural traditions, iconic landmarks, and bustling cities like London. It boasts a varied landscape of rolling hills, historic forts, and lively city hubs that combine history with contemporary advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England |
Sunlight | Sunlight is the environmental radiance emitted by the star, vital for existence on Earth as it provides power for photosynthesis and shapes climate and weather patterns. It also plays a role to our well-being by synchronizing our circadian rhythms and enhancing vitamin D production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunlight |
Electricity | Electrical power is a kind of power due to the movement of ions, primarily negatively charged particles. It fuels numerous appliances and systems, enabling contemporary living and technological advancements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity |
Photovoltaic | Solar technology converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor materials. It is a sustainable power source that reduces reliance on non-renewable fuels and helps mitigate ecological footprint. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic |
Electrons | Electrons are tiny particles with a reversed electric charge that orbit the nucleus of an atom, crucial in in chemical reactions and electricity. Their behavior and interactions affect the electrical conductivity and chemical properties of elements. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrons |
Direct current | DC is the one-way movement of electric charge, generally produced by battteries, electrical sources, and photovoltaic cells. It provides a steady voltage or current, causing it crucial for electronic devices and low voltage. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct_current |
Battery (electricity) | A cell is a unit that holds chemical energy and transforms it into electrical energy to operate various electronic devices. It comprises one or more galvanic cells, each housing anode and cathode divided by an electrolytic substance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_(electricity) |
Photovoltaic system | A solar power system converts solar radiation directly into electricity using solar panels made of semiconductor cells. It is an environmentally friendly power option that minimizes reliance on fossil fuels and supports sustainable power generation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_system |
Solar inverter | A solar power converter is a instrument that transforms DC created by solar panels into AC fit for domestic use and grid connection. It is vital for optimizing energy use and providing secure, dependable energy output from solar energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_inverter |
Alternating current | AC is an electric current that changes polarity regularly, usually used in home and commercial power supplies. It enables effective transmission of electricity over long distances and is defined by its voltage and current waveforms, usually sinusoidal. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_current |
Charge controller | A power management device is a device that manages the voltage level and electric current coming from a solar panel to avoid batteries from overcharging and damage. It guarantees efficient energy transfer and prolongs the lifespan of the battery system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge_controller |
Measuring instrument | A measurement device is a instrument used to determine the extent, volume, or level of something accurately. It includes tools like scales, climate gauges, and manometers that provide precise readings for various applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measuring_instrument |
Solar tracker | An solar tracker is a system that instantaneously the orientation of solar panels to monitor the sun's movement during the day, increasing energy absorption. This technology improves the efficiency of solar power systems by ensuring optimal sun exposure. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracker |
Solar farms | Photovoltaic installations are huge facilities that capture sunlight to produce electricity using numerous solar panels. They supply a green and renewable energy source, cutting down reliance on carbon-based fuels and decreasing pollution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_farms |
Rooftop solar power | Roof-mounted solar energy involves placing photovoltaic cells on building roofs to create electricity from sunlight. This green energy source helps cut down on reliance on non-renewable fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_power |
Grid-connected photovoltaic system | A grid-connected solar power system transforms sunlight into electricity and feeds excess power directly into the utility grid, providing a sustainable energy solution. It improves energy efficiency and reduces reliance on fossil fuels while enabling users to gain potential energy credits. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid-connected_photovoltaic_system |
Greenhouse gas emissions | Greenhouse gas emissions refer to the release of gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide into the atmosphere, primarily from anthropogenic sources like burning fossil fuels and tree clearing. These gases trap heat in the Earth's atmosphere, leading to global warming and climate change. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions |
Solar power satellite | A solar energy satellite is an artificial satellite equipped with solar arrays that collect sunlight and transform into electrical energy. This energy is then transmitted wirelessly to Earth for use as a clean, renewable power source. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_satellite |
Home energy storage | Residential energy storage solutions retain excess electricity generated from renewable energy or the grid for later use, enhancing energy self-sufficiency and effectiveness. These installations commonly employ batteries to offer backup power, reduce energy expenses, and assist grid robustness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home_energy_storage |
Timeline of solar cells | The chronology of photovoltaic cells chronicles the advancement and advancements in solar energy technology from the beginning finding of the photovoltaic effect to contemporary high-performance solar panels. It highlights significant innovations, including the invention of the first silicon photovoltaic cell in 1954 and continuous advances that have greatly boosted energy transformation and cost-effectiveness. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_solar_cells |
Edmond Becquerel | Becquerel was a Gallic physicist by profession noted for his groundbreaking work in the study of the photoelectric effect and luminescent phenomena. His experiments laid the foundation for understanding how radiation interacts with certain materials to create electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond_Becquerel |
Willoughby Smith | Willoughby Smith was a UK electrician and researcher known for finding out the photoconductivity of selenium in 1873. His work laid the foundation for the development of the photoconductive cell and advancements in early photographic and electronic technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willoughby_Smith |
Selenium | Selenium is an free framework used for automating web browsers, enabling testers to simulate user interactions and verify web application functionalities. It supports various programming languages and browsers, making it a flexible tool for automated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selenium |
William Grylls Adams | William Grylls Adams was a British scientist renowned for his pioneering work in the study of light and optics, particularly the discovery of the polarization of luminescence reflected from clear materials. His research significantly contributed to the understanding of electromagnetic waves and the development of optics. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Grylls_Adams |
Charles Fritts | Charles Fritts was a an American innovator who developed the earliest working selenium solar cell in 1883. His innovative work set the foundation for the current photovoltaic industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Fritts |
Coal-fired power plant | A coal-powered power plant generates electricity by combusting coal to produce steam that drives turbines connected to generators. This process releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other pollutants into the atmosphere. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coal-fired_power_plant |
Russell Ohl | Russell Ohl was an United States scientist credited with discovering the solar cell and improving the understanding of semiconductors. His work formed the basis of modern solar energy technology and the development of silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russell_Ohl |
Bell Labs | Bell Laboratories is a prestigious R&D entity traditionally associated with AT&T, known for leading innovations in communications, computing, and materials science. It has been the source of many groundbreaking inventions, including the transistor and the laser technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_Labs |
Silicon | Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and number 14, well known for its key role in the manufacturing of electronic components and solar panels. It is a solid, brittle crystalline material with a bluish-gray sheen, mainly utilized as a electronic component in the technology sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon |
Micro-inverter | A compact inverter is a small component installed on each photovoltaic panel to change direct current (DC) into alternating current (AC) at the location. This technology increases system effectiveness, facilitates enhanced performance oversight, and increases power output in solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micro-inverter |
Solar cell | A photovoltaic cell is a device that transforms sunlight straight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. It is frequently used in solar arrays to supply a renewable and sustainable energy resource. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell |
PV system | An PV (photovoltaic) system transforms sunlight immediately into electricity using solar panels composed of semiconductor cells. It is a green energy technology that provides renewable power for residential, commercial, and utility-scale applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PV_system |
Photon | An photon acts as a elementary particle that represents a quantum of light as well as other electromagnetic radiation, transporting energy and momentum without containing rest mass. It has a crucial role in the interactions between matter and electromagnetic fields, allowing phenomena including reflection, refraction, and quantum communication. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photon |
Photovoltaic effect | The solar photoelectric effect is the phenomenon by which certain materials transform sunlight straight into electricity through the generation of electron-hole pairs. This event is the fundamental foundation behind solar panel systems, allowing the capturing of solar energy for electricity production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_effect |
Wafer (electronics) | A wafer in electrical engineering is a fine slice of chip material, typically silicon, used as the substrate for manufacturing integrated circuits. It functions as the foundational platform where microprocessors are built through methods like doping, etching, and lamination. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafer_(electronics) |
Crystalline silicon | Crystalline silicon is a highly pure form of silicon used predominantly in the manufacturing of solar cells and electronic devices due to its superb semiconductor properties. Its organized, neat crystal lattice enables efficient electrical conductivity and energy conversion. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystalline_silicon |
Thin film solar cell | Thin-film photovoltaic devices are a type of solar energy technology characterized by their lightweight, pliable configuration, and ability to be fabricated over extensive surfaces at a lower cost. They use thin semiconductor layers a few micrometers thick to effectively turn sunlight into electrical energy. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film_solar_cell |
Dead and live loads | Dead loads refer to the static forces exerted by the weight of structural elements and stationary equipment, while live loads are movable forces such as occupants, furnishings, and external influences. Both are important considerations in engineering design to ensure safety and stability. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dead_and_live_loads |
Series and parallel circuits | Series circuits link components in a line, so the identical current flows through all devices, while parallel circuits join components across the identical voltage source, allowing multiple paths for current. These arrangements influence the circuit's total resistance, current spread, and voltage drops. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits |
Electric power | Electrification refers to the rate at which electric power is conveyed by an electric circuit, primarily used to operate devices and appliances. Created through diverse origins such as fossil fuels, nuclear power, and renewable energy, and crucial for contemporary living. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_power |
Watt | A unit of power is a measure of power in the metric system, indicating the measure of energy flow or conversion. It is the same as one unit of energy per second. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt |
Voltage | Voltage is the electrical pressure difference between two points, which drives the stream of electric current in a circuit. It is measured in volts and indicates the energy per individual charge accessible to shift electrons. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage |
Volt | A electromotive force is the standard unit of voltage, voltage difference, and voltage in the International System of Units. It measures the voltage per unit charge between two points in an electrical circuit. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volt |
Electric current | Electric current is the passage of electrical charge through a conductor, usually measured in amperes. It is essential for energizing electronic equipment and facilitating the working of electronic systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_current |
Ampere | Amp represents the standard of electrical flow in the International System of Units, represented by A. It indicates the movement of electrical charge through a conductor over a time span. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampere |
Electrical load | Electrical load refers to the amount of electrical power or current demanded by equipment and electrical load in a circuit. It affects the layout and power of power systems to guarantee secure and cost-effective energy distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_load |
Junction box | A electrical box is an electrical enclosure used to protect wire connections, providing a central point for wiring in electrical systems. It ensures structured and reliable connections, preventing electrical hazards and facilitating maintenance. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Junction_box |
MC4 connector | The MC4 is a uniform photovoltaic connector used to attach solar panels in a reliable and trustworthy manner. It features a click-in design with waterproof sealing, ensuring durability and effective electrical connection in outdoor solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MC4_connector |
USB power | USB power delivers a simple and standardized method of delivering electrical energy to devices through common ports. It is frequently used for charging and feeding a extensive range of electronic gadgets, from smartphones to peripherals. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_power |
Power inverter | A power converter is a device that converts direct current (DC) from sources like cells or solar arrays into alternating current (AC) suitable for household appliances. It allows the application of regular electrical equipment in locations where only DC power is accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_inverter |
Battery pack | A battery pack functions as a collection of numerous individual batteries created to store and supply electrical energy for multiple devices. It provides portable power solutions for electronics, electric vehicles, and renewable energy systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battery_pack |
Solar tracking | Solar panel tracking solutions automatically adjust the orientation of photovoltaic panels to monitor the sun’s path throughout the day, enhancing energy absorption. This technology increases the efficiency of photovoltaic energy harvesting by keeping ideal panel orientation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_tracking |
Maximum power point tracking | Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is a approach used to maximize the power generation of solar energy systems by continuously adjusting the performance point to match the peak power point of the photovoltaic modules. This methodology guarantees the highest efficiency power harvesting, especially under varying environmental conditions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum_power_point_tracking |
Power optimizer | A power optimizer functions as a device used in solar energy systems to maximize energy output by individually optimizing the performance of each solar panel. It enhances overall system efficiency by reducing energy loss caused by shading, dirt, or panel mismatch. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_optimizer |
Solar performance monitor | A solar power performance monitor is a device that tracks and analyzes the efficiency of solar power systems in instantaneous, offering valuable data on energy generation and system health. It aids maximize solar power output by detecting issues promptly and securing maximum output. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_performance_monitor |
Thin-film solar cell | Thin-film solar cells are thin, multi-purpose photovoltaic devices made by depositing fine layers of semiconductor materials onto substrates. They offer a affordable and flexible alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels, with applications in various portable and building-integrated energy solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_solar_cell |
Solar cells | Sunlight-to-electricity converters convert solar radiation directly into electricity through the photoelectric effect, making them a renewable energy source. They are commonly used in photovoltaic modules to power homes, appliances, and complete solar power systems. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cells |
Polycrystalline silicon | Polycrystalline silicon, also known as polysilicon, is a compound composed of many tiny silicon lattice structures, frequently used in solar panels and semiconductor manufacturing. Its creation involves liquefying and restructuring silicon to form a ultra-pure, polycrystalline structure appropriate for electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polycrystalline_silicon |
Monocrystalline silicon | Monocrystalline silicon is a high-purity type of silicon with a uniform crystal framework, making it highly efficient for use in solar panels and electronic components. Its consistent structure allows for better charge movement, resulting in higher functionality compared to different silicon varieties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monocrystalline_silicon |
Cadmium telluride photovoltaics | Cadmium telluride photovoltaics represent a category of thin-film solar system that provides a cost-effective and high-performance alternative for extensive solar energy generation. They are known as their high absorption efficiency and relatively low manufacturing expenses in comparison with traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride_photovoltaics |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cell | Copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cells are laminate solar devices that utilize a composite material of Cu, indium, gallium, and selenium to turn sunlight into energy effectively. They are recognized for their high light capturing effectiveness, bendability, and capability for compact, affordable solar power solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cell |
Amorphous silicon | Amorphous form of silicon is a amorphous atomic structure, making it easier to handle and more straightforward to layer than crystalline silicon. It is commonly used in thin-film solar cells and electronic systems due to its economic advantage and versatile properties. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amorphous_silicon |
Third-generation photovoltaic cell | Third-generation photovoltaic modules aim to outperform traditional solar cell efficiencies by utilizing advanced materials and new techniques such as multi-layered stacks, quantum dots, and organic-inorganic hybrids. These technologies focus on enhancing energy conversion, lowering costs, and increasing applicability to various environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third-generation_photovoltaic_cell |
Multi-junction solar cell | Multi-layered solar cells are cutting-edge photovoltaic devices that utilize several p-n connections arranged together to absorb a broader range of the solar spectrum, significantly increasing their efficiency. These are mainly employed in space applications and high-efficiency solar power systems due to their outstanding energy conversion capabilities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-junction_solar_cell |
Solar panels on spacecraft | Spacecraft solar arrays are vital components that transform sunlight into electric power to operate onboard systems. Usually lightweight, robust, and crafted to function effectively in the demanding space environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_panels_on_spacecraft |
Compound semiconductor | Compound semiconductors are compounds composed of two or more elements, typically involving a metal and a non-metal, used in fast electronic and optoelectronic devices. They offer superior performance in applications such as laser devices, light-emitting diodes, and high-speed transistors compared to traditional silicon-based semiconductors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_semiconductor |
Gallium arsenide | Gallium arsenide is a compound semiconductor famous for its high electron mobility and efficiency in high-speed and optoelectronic applications. It is frequently used in devices such as microwave circuits, infrared LEDs, and solar cells. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallium_arsenide |
Concentrator photovoltaics | Concentrator photovoltaics use optics or reflectors to focus sunlight onto very efficient multi-junction solar cells, substantially improving energy transformation efficiency. This technique is suitable for massive solar power plants in regions with sunny sunlight, providing a economical approach for intensive energy needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrator_photovoltaics |
Thin-film silicon | Lightweight silicon is a type of photovoltaic material used in solar cells, characterized by its compact and flexible form factor. It offers a affordable alternative to traditional silicon wafers, with applications in solar building materials and portable energy devices. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film_silicon |
CIGS solar cell | CIGS solar cell utilize a thin film of copper indium gallium selenide as the solar semiconductor, known for excellent energy conversion and bendability. They offer a portable, budget-friendly alternative to standard silicon solar arrays with great output in diverse climates. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIGS_solar_cell |
Thin-film | Thin-film is a term for a slender layer of material, often measured in nanometers or μm, used in multiple technological applications. These films are vital in electronics, optics, and coverings for their distinctive physical and chemical features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin-film |
Rooftop solar PV | Building-mounted solar PV systems harness the sun's rays to generate electricity directly on building rooftops, providing a eco-friendly and economical energy solution. They help reduce reliance on fossil fuels, lower electricity bills, and contribute to green initiatives. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rooftop_solar_PV |
Thin film | A layer of material is a sheet of material covering tiny nanometric scales to multiple micrometers in thickness, often coated on surfaces for purposeful functions. These coatings are used in various industries, including electronics, optical technologies, and healthcare, to change surface traits or develop particular device features. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thin_film |
Nanometers | Nanometers are units of measurement equal to one-billionth of a meter, frequently used to illustrate minuscule distances at the atomic and molecular scale. They are essential in areas such as nanotechnology, physics, and chemistry for determining structures and particles at the nanoscale. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanometers |
Micrometers | Micrometers are high-precision devices used to exactly measure minute thicknesses or thicknesses, typically in mechanical engineering and production. They feature a calibrated screw mechanism that allows for accurate readings, often down to thousandths of an inch or hundredths of a millimeter. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micrometers |
Silicon wafer | A silicon disc is a thin, round segment of silicon crystal used as the base for fabricating semiconductor devices. It acts as the core material in the production of integrated circuits and electronic components. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silicon_wafer |
Copper indium gallium selenide solar cells | Copper indium gallium selenide-based solar panels are compact solar modules recognized for their excellent performance and bendability, making them suitable for multiple fields. They utilize a layered semiconductor architecture that converts sunlight directly into power with excellent effectiveness in low-light environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copper_indium_gallium_selenide_solar_cells |
Multi-crystalline silicon | Multi-crystalline silicon silicon is a type of silicon used in photovoltaic panels, characterized by its many crystal grains that give it a grainy appearance. It is noted for being economical and having a moderately high efficiency in converting sunlight into electricity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-crystalline_silicon |
Solar PV systems | Photovoltaic systems convert sun rays directly into electricity using solar panels, offering a sustainable energy source for home, industrial, and utility-scale applications. They deliver a environmentally friendly, renewable, and affordable way to cut down reliance on fossil fuels and reduce CO2 emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_PV_systems |
Perovskite solar cell | Perovskite solar cell are a type of photovoltaic technology that uses perovskite-structured compounds as the light-harvesting layer, known for their high efficiency and low-cost manufacturing. These cell have rapidly advanced in performance, making them a promising alternative to traditional silicon-based solar panels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perovskite_solar_cell |
Dye-sensitized solar cell | A photo-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is a photovoltaic device that turns sunlight into electricity using a light-sensitive dye to absorb light and create electron flow. It offers a budget-friendly and versatile alternative to traditional silicon-based solar cells, with opportunity for transparent and thin applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dye-sensitized_solar_cell |
Quantum dot solar cell | Quantum dot solar cell cells utilize nanoscale semiconductor particles to enhance light absorption and conversion efficiency through quantum confinement effects. This approach offers the possibility for cost-effective, bendable, and superior solar energy harvesting solutions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_dot_solar_cell |
Organic solar cell | Organic solar cells are solar cells that employ carbon-based compounds, to convert sun's energy into electric power. They are lightweight, pliable, and provide cost-effective, large-area solar energy applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_solar_cell |
CZTS | CZTS Cu) Zinc Tin Sulfide is a promising semiconductor material used in laminate solar cells due to its plentiful and non-toxic elements. Its excellent optoelectronic properties make it an appealing option for eco-friendly photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CZTS |
Building integrated photovoltaics | Building integrated photovoltaics integrated solar building solutions seamlessly incorporate solar energy technology into the design of construction components, such as roofing, facades, and windows. This cutting-edge approach enhances energy efficiency while maintaining visual attractiveness and building integrity. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building_integrated_photovoltaics |
Transparency and translucency | Transparency allows light to penetrate a material with little distortion, rendering objects behind easily seen. Translucency allows light to spread through, hiding detailed view but yet still permitting shapes and light to pass through. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_and_translucency |
Window tinting | Vehicle and building window film application involves placing a light film to the interior or exterior of cars or structures glazing to block glare, heat, and ultraviolet rays. It improves privacy, improves energy efficiency, and provides a modern aesthetic to any window. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Window_tinting |
List of photovoltaic power stations | A catalog of solar power stations information various extensive solar energy installations around the globe, demonstrating their output and positions. These stations function a crucial role in green energy generation and international efforts to reduce carbon releases. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaic_power_stations |
Photovoltaic power stations | Photovoltaic energy plants are massive facilities that convert sunlight straight into electricity using solar panels. They are essential in renewable energy generation, cutting dependence on coal and oil, and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_stations |
Environmental issues | Eco concerns encompass a wide range of challenges such as pollution, climate change, and forest loss that threaten the health of our planet. Addressing these problems requires joint initiatives to promote eco-friendly methods and protect biodiverse environments. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_issues |
Renewable energy | Green energy comes from natural sources that are renewably replenished, such as solar radiation, wind, and hydroelectric power. It offers a sustainable option to traditional fuels, reducing ecological footprint and enhancing sustainable energy security. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy |
Non-renewable energy | Fossil fuels, such as coal, petroleum, and fossil gas, are non-replenishable supplies formed over extensive periods and are exhausted when used. They are the primary power sources for electricity generation and mobility but pose ecological and environmental and long-term viability challenges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-renewable_energy |
Electricity generation | Power production involves converting various power sources such as fossil fuels, atomic energy, and green energy into electricity. This process usually takes place in electricity plants where turbines, alternators, and generators work together to produce power for distribution. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_generation |
Heavy metals | Heavy metals are dense, toxic elements such as lead, quicksilver, metallic cadmium, and arsenide that pose significant health and environmental risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation. They are commonly found in industrial emissions, contaminated water, and certain consumer products, requiring careful management to prevent adverse effects. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_metals |
Solar-cell efficiency | Photovoltaic performance assesses how well a solar panel converts sunlight into usable electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is key for maximizing renewable energy generation and decreasing reliance on coal and oil. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar-cell_efficiency |
Photoelectric effect | The photoelectric effect occurs when light shining on a metal ejects electronic particles from that surface, demonstrating the particle nature of light. This occurrence provided significant indication for the development of quantum theory by showing that light energy is quantized. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoelectric_effect |
Accelerated life testing | Accelerated life testing involves subjecting products to higher-than-normal stresses to quickly evaluate their durability and predict their lifespan under normal conditions. This method helps find potential failures and boost product reliability efficiently. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerated_life_testing |
Growth of photovoltaics | The growth of solar panels has sped up rapidly over the past ten years, driven by technological progress and decreasing costs. This expansion is revolutionizing the world energy sector by boosting the share of clean solar power in power production. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_of_photovoltaics |
Utility-scale solar | Utility-scale solar relates to large solar power plants built to generate electricity on a industrial scale, delivering power directly to the grid. These sites typically cover extensive areas and utilize PV modules or thermal solar systems to produce renewable energy effectively. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utility-scale_solar |
Lens (optics) | A optical element is a see-through instrument that bending light to focus or diverge rays, producing images. It is commonly used in instruments like cameras, glasses, and microscopes to manipulate light for better vision and imaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lens_(optics) |
Angle of incidence (optics) | The incidence angle is the measure between an approaching light ray and the perpendicular line perpendicular to the surface at the point of contact. It determines how light behaves with the surface, influencing reflection and refraction behaviors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_of_incidence_(optics) |
Anti-reflective coating | Anti-reflective coating is a coating applied to lens surfaces to minimize reflections and enhance light passage. It enhances the clarity and luminosity of optical devices by cutting down on stray reflections. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-reflective_coating |
Destructive interference | Canceling interference occurs when two waves meet in a manner that that their amplitudes cancel each other out, resulting in a reduction or full disappearance of the resultant wave. This phenomenon usually happens when the waveforms are not in phase by 180 degrees. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Destructive_interference |
Alternating Current | Alternating current refers to an electric current that changes polarity, typically used in power supply systems. The electrical potential changes in a sinusoidal pattern over time, allowing cost-effective transfer across extensive ranges. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternating_Current |
Microinverter | A small inverter is a compact device used to transform DC from a individual solar module into AC suitable for household use. It enhances system performance by optimizing energy production at the module level and eases setup and service. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microinverter |
AC power | Alternating current power, or AC power, is electrical power delivered through a system where the voltage level and electric current periodically reverse polarity, enabling efficient transmission over vast spans. It is commonly used in residences and factories to operate different appliances and machinery. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AC_power |
DC connector | A direct current connector is a category of electrical plug used to deliver direct current (DC) power from a energy source to an electronic device. It typically consists of a round plug and socket that provide a secure and dependable link for various electronic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DC_connector |
Underwriters Laboratories | Underwriters Labs is a global safety approval organization that evaluates and certifies products to confirm they comply with particular security requirements. It assists consumers and firms identify dependable and safe products through thorough review and testing methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriters_Laboratories |
Series circuits | Series circuits are electrical circuits in which elements are connected end-to-end, forming a one path for current. In this arrangement, the same current passes through all elements, and the entire voltage is divided among them. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_circuits |
Parallel circuits | Parallel electrical circuits are electronic circuits where parts are connected across the same voltage source, offering multiple paths for current flow. This configuration allows components to operate autonomously, with the total current distributed among the branches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parallel_circuits |
Diode | An diode is a solid-state device that allows current to move in a single sense exclusively, serving as a single-direction valve for electrical current. It is commonly used for rectification, signal demodulation, and voltage regulation in electronic networks. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode |
Automobile auxiliary power outlet | An automobile auxiliary power outlet is a port, typically 12-volt, created to supply electrical energy for various devices and add-ons inside a car. It allows users to power electronic devices or run small devices while on the go. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automobile_auxiliary_power_outlet |
USB | USB (Universal Serial Bus) is a technology for linking hardware to computing systems, allowing data transfer and power delivery. It accommodates a wide range of devices such as keypads, mouses, external storage, and mobile phones, with multiple generations delivering faster speeds and improved functionality. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB |
Solar cell efficiency | Solar cell efficiency is the measure of the ratio of sunlight energy that a photovoltaic cell converts into electrical energy. Boosting this efficiency is crucial for maximizing energy production and making solar power affordable and sustainable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_cell_efficiency |
National Renewable Energy Laboratory | The NREL is a U.S. DOE national laboratory dedicated to research and development in renewable energy and energy efficiency technologies. It aims to advance developments in solar power, wind power, bioenergy, and other sustainable energy sources to enable a clean energy future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Renewable_Energy_Laboratory |
Electromagnetic spectrum | The electromagnetic spectrum encompasses all types of EM radiation, spanning from radio signals to gamma rays, all possessing varied wavelengths and energies. This range is essential for a wide array of devices and the natural world, enabling data exchange, medical imaging, and understanding of the universe. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_spectrum |
Ultraviolet | Ultraviolet light is a form of EM radiation with a wave length shorter than visible light but longer than X-rays, primarily produced by the sun. It serves a key role in including vitamin D production but can also cause skin damage and photoaging. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultraviolet |
Infrared | Infrared radiation is a form of electromagnetic wave with longer wavelengths than visible light, primarily emitted as heat by objects. It is widely used in remote controls, thermal imaging, and various sensing technologies. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrared |
Monochromatic | Single-hued refers to a color scheme based on shades of a individual hue, using different shades, tints, and tones to create balance and connexion. This layout approach emphasizes minimalism and elegance by maintaining consistent color elements throughout a design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochromatic |
Irradiance | Irradiance refers to the power of electromagnetic radiation per square unit incident on a surface, typically measured in watts per square meter. It is a crucial parameter in fields such as solar energy, climate science, and photobiology, indicating the strength of sunlight reaching a specific surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
W/m2 | watts per square meter is a measurement unit used to quantify the magnitude of radiation or power received or emitted over a particular area, often in disciplines including meteorology, astronomy, and engineering. It helps in grasping the distribution and conveyance of energy across surfaces, such as solar radiation reaching the Earth's surface. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W/m2 |
Spectrum | Spectrum refers to the span of different tones or wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation, visible or alternatively. It is frequently used to describe the spread of light or signal bandwidths in multiple scientific and technological areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectrum |
Airmass | An airmass is a big volume of atmosphere with relatively consistent temperature and humidity features, originating from particular starting areas. These air masses affect climate trends and air conditions as they move across various areas. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airmass |
Solar irradiance | Sun's energy output is the measure of the energy per unit area received from the solar source in the form of electromagnetic radiation. It varies with solar cycles and Earth's atmospheric conditions, influencing weather patterns and meteorological phenomena. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_irradiance |
Soiling (solar energy) | Soiling in solar energy refers to the buildup of dirt, and foreign matter on the panels of solar arrays, which decreases their output. Routine maintenance and maintenance are essential to reduce energy waste and maintain best operation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soiling_(solar_energy) |
Open-circuit voltage | Open-circuit voltage represents the maximum voltage obtainable from a power source when no current is flowing, taken across its terminals. It shows the potential difference of a device when it is unplugged from any load. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open-circuit_voltage |
Short-circuit current | Short-circuit current represents the maximum electrical current that travels through a circuit when a reduced resistance connection, or short circuit, occurs, bypassing the normal load. It presents a considerable safety hazard and can result in damage to electrical components if not properly controlled. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short-circuit_current |
Watt-peak | Watt-peak (Wp) is a assessment of the maximum power output of a solar module under ideal sunlight conditions. It reflects the array's peak ability to generate electricity in standard testing environments . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watt-peak |
Voltmeter | A Volt meter is an electronic device used to determine the potential difference between two locations in a circuit. It is widely employed in different electrical and electronic fields to maintain proper electrical potential | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltmeter |
Potential-induced degradation | Potential-induced degradation (PID) is a issue in solar modules where increased voltage stress causes a notable reduction in energy production and efficiency. It occurs due to leakage current and ion transfer within the solar cell materials, leading to performance decline over time. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential-induced_degradation |
Boron | Boron is a semi-metal chemical element essential for plant development and applied in different industrial applications, including glassmaking and semiconductor manufacturing. It has special chemical traits that make it beneficial in producing durable, heat-resistant materials. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron |
Photovoltaic mounting system | A solar panel mounting system securely supports solar panels, ensuring optimal tilt and alignment for maximum sunlight exposure. It is designed to withstand environmental conditions while providing a robust and resilient foundation for solar energy installations. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_mounting_system |
Solar power plant | A solar power plant collects sunlight using vast collections of photovoltaic modules to create renewable electricity. It supplies an eco-friendly energy source, cutting down reliance on fossil fuels and decreasing greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_plant |
Agrivoltaics | Agrivoltaics is the integrated approach of utilizing land for both solar energy generation and agriculture, optimizing space and resources. This method boosts crop production while concurrently creating renewable energy, fostering sustainable land use. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrivoltaics |
Bifacial solar cells | Bifacial solar panels are solar panels able to absorb sunlight on both sides, improving overall energy production. They are typically mounted in a way that allows for increased efficiency by leveraging albedo effect and reflected sunlight from the environment. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifacial_solar_cells |
Solar canopy | A sun-powered canopy is a framework that provides cover while producing electricity through built-in solar panels. It is commonly installed in parking lots, walkways, or open spaces to combine environmental benefits with useful design. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_canopy |
Solar array | A solar panel setup is a assembly of numerous solar modules designed to generate electricity from sunlight. It is frequently used in renewable energy systems to produce clean, sustainable power for different applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_array |
Patio cover | A outdoor cover is a structure that offers shade and shelter from the weather for outdoor living spaces. It enhances the functionality and look of a courtyard, making it a cozy area for rest and socializing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patio_cover |
Zenith angle | The zenith angle is the measurement between the perpendicular line directly overhead and the line of sight to a astronomical body. It is employed in astronomy and meteorology to describe the position of objects in the sky relative to an onlooker. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zenith_angle |
Azimuth angle | The horizontal bearing is a horizontal angle measured clockwise a reference direction, typically true north, to the line connecting an observer to a target object. It is often used in navigation, mapping, and astrophysics to specify the orientation of an object in relation to the observer's position. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azimuth_angle |
Occupational hazards of solar panel installation | Installing solar panels exposes workers to risks such as height falls and electricity shocks, requiring proper safety measures. Additionally, exposure to rough climate and potential musculoskeletal injuries pose significant workplace risks in solar panel setup. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupational_hazards_of_solar_panel_installation |
Cadmium telluride | Cadmium telluride is a semiconductor material extensively utilized in thin film solar cells due to its high efficiency and affordability. It exhibits excellent optical properties, making it a common choice for photovoltaic applications. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadmium_telluride |
List of photovoltaics companies | An directory of photovoltaics companies highlights the leading manufacturers and suppliers specializing in solar panel technology and renewable energy solutions worldwide. These companies play a crucial role in driving solar energy adoption and innovation across multiple markets. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_photovoltaics_companies |
Gigawatt | A gigawatt is a unit of electricity equal to a billion watts, used to measure large-scale energy generation and utilization. It is commonly associated with generating stations, power grids, and significant power projects worldwide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigawatt |
First Solar | First Solar Inc is a international leader in solar PV energy solutions, specializing in manufacturing thin film-based solar cells that provide excellent efficiency and affordable energy production. The company is focused on eco-friendly energy development and reducing the world dependency on fossil fuels through innovative solar technology. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Solar |
GCL System Integration Technology | GCL System Integration Technology focuses in seamlessly integrating various elements of industrial and automated systems to enhance productivity and reliability. It aims on creating cutting-edge solutions that promote efficient communication and cooperation among various tech platforms. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GCL_System_Integration_Technology |
Shunfeng Photovoltaic | Shunfeng Photovoltaic stands as a leading Chinese company specializing in producing and developing solar photovoltaic goods and services. It is known for state-of-the-art tech and sustainable energy initiatives within renewable energy sector. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunfeng_Photovoltaic |
GigaWatt | GigaWatt is a unit of energy equal to 1,000,000,000 W, often used to indicate the ability of massively scaled electricity generation or consumption. It underscores the vast power extent involved in current power framework and tech. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GigaWatt |
Experience curve effects | Knowledge curve effects refer to the effect where the production cost reduces as overall production increases, due to learning curve and optimization obtained over time. This phenomenon highlights the significance of accumulated experience in cutting expenses and boosting output in manufacturing and other processes. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects |
Photovoltaics | Photovoltaic systems transform sunlight directly into electricity through semiconductor elements, primarily silicon. This method is a environmentally friendly, renewable energy source that aids cut down reliance on fossil fuels and lowers greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaics |
Grid parity | Grid parity occurs when the price of producing solar or wind energy becomes the same as or less than the cost of purchasing power from the power grid. Achieving Grid parity indicates that renewable energy sources are financially comparable with fossil fuel-based fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grid_parity |
Mains electricity | Mains electricity acts as the primary electrical power supplied to residences and companies through a network of power lines, delivering a reliable source of energy for different appliances. It usually operates at a voltage of around 120V or 230V, according to the region, and is transmitted through AC power. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mains_electricity |
Balance of system | Balance of system (BOS) includes all parts of a solar power system except the photovoltaic panels, such as inverters, racking, wiring, and additional electrical hardware. It is vital for guaranteeing the efficient and reliable operation of a solar energy installation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balance_of_system |
Solar energy | The sun's power is absorbed from the solar radiation using photovoltaic panels to produce electricity or through solar heating systems to produce heat. It represents a sustainable, renewable, and environmentally friendly source of power that limits the use of fossil fuels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_energy |
Applications of photovoltaics | Photovoltaics are widely utilized in residential, business, and manufacturing sites to produce clean, eco-friendly electricity from sunlight. They also power remote and off-grid locations, delivering renewable energy solutions where standard power grids are not accessible. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Applications_of_photovoltaics |
List of solar-powered products | A catalog of sun-powered products features a range of tools that capture sunlight to convert energy, supporting environmentally friendly and renewable living. These solutions include covering solar chargers and lights to home equipment and outdoor equipment, delivering multi-purpose solutions for power needs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_solar-powered_products |
Photovoltaic power station | An photovoltaic power station is a installation that converts sunlight directly into electricity using solar panels. It is a sustainable energy source that supports lowering reliance on fossil fuels and reduces greenhouse gas emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photovoltaic_power_station |
Solar hybrid power systems | Solar hybrid power systems combine solar panels with alternative energy sources, such as wind or diesel generators, to deliver a reliable and efficient power supply. They enhance energy use by balancing renewable resources and backup options, reducing reliance on fossil fuels and cutting overall emissions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_hybrid_power_systems |
Concentrated photovoltaics | Concentrated photovoltaics use optical lenses or mirrors to focus sunlight on highly efficient solar cells, considerably increasing power output from a smaller area. This technology works well where intense, direct sunlight and provides an innovative way to lowering solar power costs. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrated_photovoltaics |